Noun encyclopaedia of _ andrology of testis

Noun encyclopaedia of _ andrology of testis
Testis (testis) Lie in the scrotum, one respectively about. Unless it is in testis getting more flat a little oval for body, unless there are smooth on surface, one's job, sides exterior,ago, trailing edge and at, underpart. Leading edge is dissociated; Trailing edge have blood vessel, nerve, lymphatic vessel come in and go out, and and epididymis and spermatic duct down piece (the testis department) Keep in touch. Until sexal maturity grow rapidly in testis,the the elderly one testis can decline and wither to diminish.
There is fibrous membrane one layer hard and thick on the surface of testis, are called white membrane, increase thick along the white membrane of trailing edge of testis, project and form the testis in the testis mediastinally. It is light from sending out by a lot of connective tissueing through,last a lot of testis leaves little testis essence. Testis it contains tortuous selected songs to be little to in charge of in the little leaf, selected songs tubular upper peel can produce sperm. Having the homogeneity cells which secretes man sex hormone in connective tissue during the small tube. Selected songs little tube combine precise and direct light to in charge of, enter testis to be mediastinal to interweave the intersection of testis and network into. Send out, export from the intersection of testis and network light to in charge of by 12- 15 testis, go out of the intersection of testis and top of trailing edge enter the epididymis.
Function of the testis
The testis belongs to the genitals in men. Normal men have two testises, lie in side of about scrotum separately. The testis is shown in oval, the color is ashen. Adult's testis is 3.5-4.5 centimetres long, 2-3 centimetres wide, it is 1-2 centimetres thick, every side testis weighs 10-15 grams. General left side person is lower by about 1 centimetre than the right side person. Some people's testis is small, Senior One is low, if the difference is not big, it is normal. There are a large number of crooked selected songs that are managed in the testis, contained a quality cells during that time small. It is the place for producing the sperm that it is in charge of that selected songs are small, the sperm that one produces in all one's life is surprisingly large in number, ejaculate 3-4 ml once, contain 300 million - 400 million sperms, at least have 100 million - 200 million; The sperm that produced in all one's life can reach more than 1,000 billion to count unexpectedly. The production of the sperm is apt to be influenced by many kinds of factors such as the temperature, if the testis environment temperature is too high or influenced by chemical poisonous substance, the obstacle will appear in the production of the sperm. A quality cells produce androgen, closely related to the second sex character of man, physiological function,etc..
Testis common disease and make a diagnosis and give treatment:
Cryptorchidism disease
Under the normal situation, on later stage of development in the sub officer of the foetus, lower into the testis in the scrotum promptly. However, the cryptorchidism (testis has not been lowered) take place to the mature premature delivery boy baby who produces boy baby and 30 who probably has 3 . Great majority in these babies, the testis can be lowered into the scrotum in several months after born in, but nearly there is 0 . The boy baby of 8 has been after born in for one year the testis is not lowered into the scrotum yet.
The cryptorchidism can be shown as the single side, can also be shown as dual sides. The cryptorchidism usually exists alone, but can also accompany the hair urethra to be unusual (the cryptorchidism patient's 13) And other inborn and unusual, such as syndrome (male Turner's syndrome) of male Tener ,Prader-Willi's syndromic ' Low skin tension - -Low intelligence - -The sex is low in development - -Fat syndrome) Or Reifenstein's syndrome. The cryptorchidism infant has arrived at the age of five, can observe the histologic change of the testis. Most scholars think, may not be too lasting to lower that the testis has not been lowered in childhood, may delay to drop until adolescence, need to wait patiently. If dual side testises do not drop yet by adolescence, the chance to drop afterwards is few; Even if testis ketone is produced normally or insufficiently slightly, will cause sterility. Not getting on very well to the single side cryptorchidism person, its fecundity still may be normal.
The treatment of the cryptorchidism mainly includes two respects of endocrine treatment and surgery treatment. Endocrine treatment: Directed primarily to the cryptorchidism infant of one pair of sides, employ gonadotropin of chorion, Lewis( 1 9 4 8 ) Maintain that employs pre- gonadotropin of fine hair in the first 1-2 years of adolescence 3 0 0 0 0 Unit (three times of every week, 500 units each time) ; ( 1 9 5 4 ) such as Robinson and Engle Think that it is relatively good to assault the curative effect of the treatment in heavy dose of short-term, inject every day 4 0 0 0 - 5 0 0 0 The unit, amounts to three days, can drop to the scrotum while inviting 20 infant's every testis. Surgery treatment: Persons who fail to respond to any medical treatment of all endocrine, should adopt the wooden treatment of hand: Someone thinks that generally performs the operation during 4-6 years old, most scholars do not think the operation should be over 11 years old at the latest. The reason why put emphasis on the importance of performing the operation, not merely because of the reason of fecundity, and because the testis has danger of canceration in the abdominal cavity.
There is still few study on patient's psychological respect of the cryptorchidism at present. Cytryn,etc. observes cryptorchidism boys of 27 and 3-17 years old, thinks " the body look like " these boys ( body-imagine) With " sex identity " ( gender identity) Confusion to some extent increase. Someone act as surgical dual patient, cryptorchidism of side, carry on research to 10 recently, think these patients are here " The gender is distributed " ( sex assignment) , " early gender dividing type " ( early sex-typing) With " identity forming of the sex " ( gender identity formation) Wait for at stage, the not serious and lasting damage of the causing role and sex identity, but masturbation takes place in it compared with time of other sexual behaviors the normal men of sexual organ are late. Roboch,etc. finds, the time that the cryptorchidism patient ejaculates for the first time is slightly later than that of the normal control group, its incidence that passes out semen in adolescence is relatively low too; Life is few than normal control groups too its manhood.
If the cryptorchidism boy causes the mental burden because of often checking the sexual organ, or the testis does not drop yet after hormone treatment, may cause ing psychological obstacle. Because check the infant's scrotum and position of the testis repeatedly, the infant parents will feel depressed. The doctor must tell the infant's parents property and the impact on manhood function of the cryptorchidism, make it have a correct understanding.
Malposition testis
The testis is in charge of the groin while dropping, may not lower into the normal position in the scrotum, and it causes the malposition testis to guide. The malposition testis is rare, its clinical meaning and treat the principle generally the same as cryptorchidism. If it is clear to diagnose, should consider the surgery treatment generally, because the androgenic treatment is generally invalid. Make the testis fixation as soon as possible before adolescence, can make the testis function return to normal usually.
Have no testis
Inborn dual side there is not testis ' Testis scarce like) Extremely rare, only report 61 on the literature. Its cause of disease may be: After foetus' gender splits up, foetus' testis is destroyed by a certain toxin. Therapeutic method is as follows, ( 1) Substitute the treatment: Beginning in adolescence should use third acid testis ketone, three times of skin note every week, until development of external genitalia being normal; The dosage can be reduced to 10 milligrams hereafter, three times every week: Or take orally ' Include under the tongue) Methyl cortisol 1 6 - 4 5 Milligram day. ( 2) Operation treatment: Plant in the scrotum into the false testis (pack in silicon rubber or silicon rubbery bag into the colloidal silica, better later person
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