Iodine deficiency

Iodine deficiency

Summary


The iodine is the essential microelement of human body, the content is about 2.5mg in the human body, the iodine mainly exists in the thyroid gland, it is thyroxine and original amino acid synthetic substrate of gland of three iodine first.

Iodine deficiency (IDD) : It can cause IDD that the iodine lacks, nearly 38% people live and lack the area in the iodine in the whole world, our country is that global IDD prevails in one of the most serious countries.


Cause of disease

Food and human the intersection of iodine and scarce basic reason drink the water;

Lacking the iodine makes hormone of thyroid gland formate the obstacle, and then influence physical growth and brain development.


Clinical manifestation

The main danger which lacks the iodine is to influence brain development, cause intelligence damaging and physical development obstacles of children;

The clinical manifestation which is short of iodine is mainly spirit characterized by intelligence obstacle - nerve - first low syndrome;

The severity of the clinical symptom depends on the intensity, duration and ill age which is short of iodine;

Lacking the iodine makes thyroxine and globulin of thyroid gland formated and influenced, cause the thyroid gland to organize compensating hyperplasiaed, form goiter.

Lack the iodine to lead to the fact hormone of thyroid gland is formated insufficiently, can cause the thyroid gland function to be low:

Foetus one lacks iodine and can cause abortion, stillborn fetus, premature delivery and in congenital malformation;

Neonate one is shown as the thyroid gland function is low;

Foetus issue and infancy lack the iodine, can lead to the fact grams of the intersection of spit of fland and disease seriously;

It is low that children and adolescence cause goiter, thyroid gland function, intelligence is low;

Children lack iodine can present inferior and getting clinical thyroid gland function lower disease slightly for a long time ' Ill in inferior clinical type one gram of spit of fland) ,Often the backwardness grows with the physique;

The immune function is reduced: It can cause T lymphocyte function to damage to lack zinc, and easy to infect;

Intellectual development is delayed: It can enable brain DNA and protein synthesis obstacle to lack zinc, the glutaminic acid in the brain density is reduced, thus cause intelligence to be slow;

Other: Such as depilate, the skin is coarse and drying, dermatitis, map tongue, repeated oral cavity ulcer, wound heal the delay, retinene conjugated proteln and reduce nyctalopia, anaemia etc..


Check in the laboratory

Serum T3, T4, TSH is determined:

Serum total T3, T4 or free T3, T4 is reduced, TSH increases;

The iodine of urine is determined:

The iodine of urine examines a simple and convenient and effective method that must judge individual or colony's iodine nutritional status;

It means the intaking amount of iodine is insufficient, 50- 99 g/L, in order to lack the iodine slightly that the location number value is lower than 100 g/L in the iodine of urine, 20- 49 g/L lacks the iodine for being intermediate, is below 20 g/L and lack the iodine for being severe.


Diagnosis

Inferior clinical type ill diagnostic standard of one gram of spit of fland:

Essential condition:

Born, live in the local goitrous disease prevailing area of low iodine;

There are intellectual development obstacles, it is slow to mainly display slight intelligence.

Auxiliary condition:

The nervous system obstacle mainly behaves:

Extremely slight language obstacle;

Slight dysaudia (unusual that electricity examines and listens to high frequency or low frequency) ;

Spiritual movement development obstacle.

The function obstacle of thyroid gland mainly behaves:

Extremely slight physical development obstacle;

The extremely slight development age of bone lags behind;

The thyroid gland function is low (T3, T4 reduces, TSH rises) .

Have any one or more than 1 in the obstacle or thyroid gland function of nervous system is low in essential condition and auxiliary condition, and can get rid of other reasons such as malnutritive, zinc lacking, otitis media and can make diagnosis when being influenced.


Treat

Iodine pharmaceutical: Use mainly for, lack severe swelling thyroid gland of filling the air etc. iodine cause and course of disease getting short, 1 of compound iodine solution every day- 2 drops (nearly include the iodine 3.5mg) ,Or KI ( Sodium) Daily 10- 15mg, it is a course of treatment in 2 weeks to even obey, stop medicines for 3 months between two courses of treatment, treat for one year repeatedly;

Most common complication iodine the intersection of thyroid gland and the intersection of function and hyperfunction disease enrich the iodine, in a large amount for a long time ' The iodine first is overbearing) ,So should be appropriate to enrich the iodine;

Thyroxine preparation.


Prevent

IDD is causing intelligence, spiritual development and disease of brain injury that can be prevented;

The salt prevents IDD most effective measure to adds the iodine;

The salt of so-called iodination, press 1 of soluble iodide: 20,000-1: Proportion 50,000 adds the salt, iodine additive is KIO3 in the salt of iodination of our country;

Can launch lipiodol and strengthen and enrich the iodine regularly in lacking the iodine heavier area;

The daily iodine of our country is recommended delivery volume: 0- 150 g, pregnant woman 200 g, wet nurse 200 g over a year old 50 g, 1- 8 years old 90 g, 9- 13 years old 120 g, 14.


Iodine deficiency
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